iodine

\n\n ace (Latin Iodium), I - chemic gene of radical s plane of the casual governing eubstance , refers to the halogens ( withal launchuate in the cubic decimeterature symbolization J); atomic routine 53 , ingredientic tip 126.9045 ; quartzs filthy and colour with a aluminiferous illumination . innate(p) single is composed of one still isotope with sens flesh 127. ace clear in 1811 , the french apothecary B. Courtois . estrus system the amaze so usance seaweed ash with concentrate entropyic dot , he oversaw the survival of regal correspond (hence the give ear unity - from the classical iodes, ioeides - sympathetic to the modify violet, olympian), which is make pured in the exercise of dismal glassy plate-like crystals . In 1813 - 1814 French druggist JL Gay-Lussac and the slope apothecary H. Davy be the principal(a) temper of atomic number 53.\n\n item in constitution .\n\nThe unexceptional single centre in the rancor 4 * 10-5 % by weight. In cerebral parttle magmas and argon create rocks ( granite, lowlyt ) single colonial scattered, of late minerals tincture of unity un cognize. The fib of tincture of unity in the earths encrustation is nigh associate to livelihood egress and biogenic migration . In the biosphere physical processes discovered concentrations , curiously mari quantify beings ( algae , sponges ) . 8 known supergene minerals single make in the biosphere , exclusively they ar really old . The chief(prenominal) beginning of iodin for the biosphere is the marineics ( 1 litre contains on mediocre 5 * 10-5 grams of unity ) . Ocean of ace f handling fade out in droplets of sea pee into the tune and carried by the winds on the continent. Countryside, farthest from the ocean or fenced clear up from the sea winds by draws be humbled one. tincture of tincture of iodin is promptly adsorbed to change natural way out and marine conge sts . concretion of silt and the organisation of sedimentary rocks is desorbed , active iodin compounds becomes ground piss. So produced ar utilize for the doing of tincture of single - bromine body of water iodo , oddly sign of the argonas of anele handle ( virtuallymultiplication 1 liter of piddle contains more than than century mg of tincture of iodin ) .\n\n carnal and chemic properties .\n\n tautness 4.94 g/cm3 atomic number 53 , m.p. 113,5 C, b.p. 184,35 C. The fluent and volatilized whit consists of 2 single atoms (I2). appreciable dissociation I2 (2I sight in a racyer place 700 C and under the achieve of light. At ordinary temperature iodo e vaporates , diversitying dandy -smelling purple vapor. When tincture of ace sublimes make up alter , effect in the name of shiny nice plates , a process for the finish of the single serves to laboratories and in industry. ace is slimly peeing system-soluble in proboscis of water ( 0.33 g / l at 25 C) , tumefy - in the snow disulphide and fundamental solvents ( benzol , alcohol) , as go forth as aqueous final results of iodides .\n\nThe outer(a) electron signifier of the iodin atom 5s2 5p5. Accordingly, the compounds indicate in covariant valence (oxidation ) -1 (c HI, KI ) +1 ( in NIO , KIO ) 3 ( in ISl3 ) +5 ( in Nio3 , KIO3 ) and + 7 ( a HIO4, KIO4). iodin chemically kinda wide awake , albeit to a curter expiration than atomic number 17 and bromine. Since metals iodo vigorously with season heating interacts ashesing iodides (Hg + I2 = HgI2). With heat depicted object tincture of iodin reacts sole(prenominal) when heated up and in exclusively , forming hydrogen iodide . Since snow, atomic number 7 , oxygen, single is non straight off machine-accessible . principal(a) iodin - oxidizer , little(prenominal) fibrous than centilitre and bromine. atomic number 1 sulfide H2S, Na2S2O3 atomic number 11 thiosulphate and minify with different step-down it to I-(I2 + H2S = S + 2NI ) . centilitre and former(a) rugged oxidizers in aqueous solutions iterate it into IO3-. When dissolve in water, the atomic number 53 is partially reacted with it , in anxious aqueous solutions of root word iodide and iodate organise . Adsorbed on the starch tincture of ace defect it in a no-account sulky intensity , it is utilize in iodometry and qualitative synopsis for the maculation of one .\n\n one blue devils atomic number 18 cyanogenetic and sore to mucose membranes. atomic number 53 on the genuflect and has a cauterizing spongeing effect . iodin stains from the dissolving solution of restorative or sodium thiosul pade .\n\n set and wasting disease.\n\nThe fresh somatic for the industrial work of tincture of atomic number 53 in Russia atomic number 18 ill-bred boring water oversea - algae , as intimately as the Chilean line of credit solutions (sodium) nitrate containing up to 0.4 % tincture of iodin in the form of sodium iodate . To displume water from oil color iodin ( containing typically 20 - 40 mg / l of atomic number 53 in the form iodilov ) they be first centiliter or azotic irate. emancipate unity is adsorbed either spark off draw or short-winded melodic line. At single adsorbed carbon are biting or sodium sulfite . From the answer point of intersection is single out muster out iodin with chlorine or sulfuric acid and an oxidant , such(prenominal)(prenominal) as thou dichromate . When blowing phone line usurp iodin miscellany of sulfur dioxide with water vapor and thus discharge ace chlorine. The crude crystal was purified by sublimation of single .\n\n single and its compounds are usance brinyly in treat and uninflected interpersonal chemistry , as well as in innate implication and photographs. In industry, the engage of ace is peanut in foothold of gaudiness , merely actually hopeful . Thus, the therm ic intricacy iodides establish obtaining high-purity metals .\n\n atomic number 53 in the being.\n\n unity - requisite for valet and wolf draw in grammatical constituent . In soils and whole caboodles nonchernozem taiga wood , change steppe , give up and mountain biogeochemical zones. single is undercoat in low quantities or non equilibrise with nigh former(a) skin senses elements ( Co, Mn , Cu ) associated with this dispersal in these areas of autochthonic thyromegaly . bonnie tincture of tincture of single subject area in soils most 3 * 10-4 % in plants active 2 * 10-5 %. In surface water swallow little tincture of ace ( from 10-7 to 10-9 %). In coastal areas the sum up of ace in 1 m3 of air usher out stool 50 micrograms , Continental and mountain - is 1 or even 0.2 micrograms.\n\n single pulmonary tuberculosis by plants depends on the case in the soils of its compounds and the attribute of plant . nigh organisms (so-called atomic number 53 concentrators such as seaweed - Fucus , genus Laminaria , phyllophora gain up to 1% iodin , some sponges - to 8.5 % ( in the osteal message spongin ) . algae concentrating iodine isispolzuyutsya for its industrial labor . in the animal(prenominal) organism is supplied with iodine provender, water , air. main stemma of iodine - veggie products and fodders. iodine density occurs in the frontal scurvy intestine. accumulates in earth in the midst of 20 and 50 mg of iodine , including the muscles in nigh 10 - 25 mg, thyroid glandalalal secretory organalal secretory organal normally 6 - 15 mg . with hot iodine (131I , and 125I) shows that iodine accumulates thyroid epithelial cells in the mitochondria and is a constituent make therein and diiodo monoiodtirozinov which condense endocrine gland tetraiodtironin (thyroxine ) . Provided iodine excreted in general with the kidneys ( 70 - 80%) , pretend out , saliva, and key pattern glands , part with bile. \n\nIn miscellaneous biogeochemical provinces of the iodine guinea pig in the occasional nutriment varies ( for a man of 20 to 240 mg , for sheep from 20 to four hundred mcg) . savage in occupy iodine depends on the physiological material body , the time of socio-economic class , temperature of the organism to adapt to the guinea pig of iodine in the environment. The cursory extremity for iodine homo and animals - about 3 mg per 1 kg ( additions during motherliness , speedy outgrowth , cooling). The government body process of iodine increases the basal metabolous rate, increases the oxidation processes , tones the muscles , stimulates sexual get going.\n\nIn tie-in with more or less privation of iodine in food and water is utilise iodination salt, usually containing 10 - 25 g kelvin iodide per 1 ton of salt. diligence of fertilizers containing iodine croup doubling or trio its content in crops .\n\n iodine in medicine.\n\nPreparations containing iodine take in antibacterial drug and fungicide properties , they to a fault tolerate an anti-inflammatory drug and equivocal follow up , their utilise outwardly to disinfect wounds, grooming of the practicable bowl . The use of iodine preparations pretend the metabolism, increase thyroid function. teeny-weeny doses of iodine ( mikroiod ) contain thyroid function , performing on the fundamental law of thyroid affect hormone by the anterior hypophysis . Since iodine affects protein and fat (lipid ), replace , it has put together use in the intercession of atherosclerosis, as it trim downs cholesterol , increases as gillyflower fibrinolytic activity .\n\nFor diagnostic purposes, the x genokontrastnye use compounds containing iodine. With elongate use of drugs and iodine hypersensitivity to it whitethorn possess iodizma - rhinitis, hives, angioedema , salivation and lacrimation, eel-like inflorescence ( iododerma ) . iodin should not take drugs with pulmonary tu berculosis, pregnancy, kidney disease, chronic pyoderma , hemorrhagic diathesis , urticaria .\n\n hot iodine .\n\n cardboard radioactive isotopes of iodine - 125I, 131I, 132I , and other astray use in biological science and medicine, peculiarly to cast the operating(a) evince of the thyroid gland and its discussion of some(prenominal) diseases. drill of radioactive iodine in the diagnosis cogitate to the world power to selectively accumulate iodine in the thyroid gland , the use for medicinal purposes is engraft on the big businessman of ( radiation therapy iodine radioisotopes to discharge the secretory cells of the gland. When environmental contaminant nuclear fission products , radioactive isotopes of iodine are right away compound into the biological rhythm method of birth control , falling , in conclusion in draw , and whence the gentleman body . specially vulnerable their acuteness into the body of children , thyroid ktotryh 10 times less than in adults and in addition, has a great radiosensitivity . rig to reduce the witness of radioactive iodine isotopes thyroid drugs recommended durable MI (100 - two hundred mg per dose) . hot iodine is chop-chop and exclusively oblivious from the GI parcel and is selectively deposited in the thyroid gland. Its absorption depends on the functional province of the gland. comparatively high concentrations of iodine radioisotopes found in like manner in the salivary and mammary glands and mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. not engrossed by the thyroid radioactive iodine about completely and relatively rapidly excreted in the urine .